The bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) spotting in Alue naga Aceh Besar

*Heri Tarmizi

The bar-tailed godwit Image by Heri tarmizi

On March 31, 2024, while conducting observations of migratory shorebirds in the mangroves of Alue Naga, Aceh Besar, our team, consisting of Heri Tarmizi, Nisa Khairunisa, and Dea Ramadhani, had the privilege of spotting a remarkable individual among a flock of Eurasian curlews: the bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica). This sighting provides a valuable opportunity to delve into the characteristics, behavior, and conservation status of this fascinating shorebird species.

The bar-tailed godwit is a medium-sized wader with a distinctive appearance. Measuring approximately 37 to 41 centimeters (15 to 16 inches) in length, it possesses a wingspan averaging between 70 to 80 centimeters (28 to 31 inches). Its plumage varies depending on the season. During the breeding season, individuals showcase a striking brick-red coloration on their underparts, contrasting with mottled brown upperparts. In non-breeding plumage, the red tones diminish, and the bird appears more uniformly grayish-brown, with subtle streaking on the breast and flanks. One of its most recognizable features is its slightly upturned, bar-shaped tail, from which it derives its name.

Behaviorally, the bar-tailed godwit is known for its remarkable long-distance migrations. It breeds in Arctic regions of Eurasia and North America, primarily in tundra habitats, and undertakes extraordinary migrations to wintering areas in coastal regions of Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. These migrations often involve non-stop flights lasting several days, with some individuals covering distances of over 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles) without rest. During migration, they often form mixed flocks with other shorebird species, such as the Eurasian curlew, as observed in Alue Naga.

In terms of conservation status, the bar-tailed godwit is classified as "Near Threatened" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). While the species as a whole maintains a relatively stable population, certain populations, particularly those breeding in East Asia and Alaska, face threats such as habitat loss and degradation, disturbance during migration, pollution, and climate change. These factors can impact breeding success and habitat availability, leading to declines in local populations.

Population estimates for the bar-tailed godwit vary, but overall numbers are believed to be in the hundreds of thousands to low millions. Efforts to conserve the species include the protection of key breeding and stopover sites, habitat restoration, and international cooperation to address threats throughout its migratory range. Continuous monitoring of populations and migration routes, such as your observations in Alue Naga, Aceh Besar, is crucial for understanding population trends and informing conservation actions.

In summary, your sighting of a bar-tailed godwit amidst a flock of Eurasian curlews provides valuable insight into the presence and behavior of this remarkable shorebird species in the mangroves of Alue Naga. By understanding its characteristics, behavior, and conservation status, we can work towards ensuring the long-term survival of the bar-tailed godwit and other migratory shorebirds for generations to come.